| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Greek numeral ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Greek numerals
Greek numerals are a system of representing numbers using the letters of the Greek alphabet. These alphabetic numerals are also known by names Ionic or Ionian numerals, Milesian numerals, and Alexandrian numerals. In modern Greece, they are still used for ordinal numbers and in situations similar to those in which Roman numerals are still used elsewhere in the West. For ordinary cardinal numbers, however, Greece uses Arabic numerals.
==History==
The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations' Linear A and Linear B alphabets used a different system, called Aegean numerals, which included specialized symbols for numbers: = 1, = 10, = 100, = 1000, and = 10000.
Attic numerals, which were later adopted as the basis for Roman numerals, were the first alphabetic set. They were acrophonic, derived (after the initial one) from the first letters of the names of the numbers represented. They ran = 1, = 5, = 10, = 100, = 1000, and = 10000. were represented by the letter with minuscule powers of ten written in the top right corner: x16px, x16px, x16px, and x16px.〔 The same system was used outside of Attica, but the symbols varied with the local alphabets: in Boeotia, was 1000.〔Heath, Thomas L. ''A Manual of Greek Mathematics'', (pp. 14 ff. ) Oxford Univ. Press (Oxford), 1931. Reprinted Dover (Mineola), 2003. Accessed 1 November 2013.〕
The present system probably developed around Miletus in Ionia. 19th-century classicists placed its development in the 3rd century BC, the occasion of its first widespread use.〔Thompson, Edward M. ''Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography'', p. 114. D. Appleton (New York), 1893.〕 More thorough modern archaeology has caused the date to be pushed back at least to the 5th century BC,〔The Packard Humanities Institute (Cornell & Ohio State Universities). ''Searchable Greek Inscriptions'': "(IG I³ 1387 )" (known as IG I² 760 ). Accessed 1 November 2013.〕 a little before Athens abandoned its pre-Euclidean alphabet in favor of Miletus's in 402 BC, and it may predate that by a century or two.〔Jeffery, Lilian H. ''The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece'', pp. 38 ff. Clarendon (Oxford), 1961.〕 The present system uses the 24 letters adopted by Euclides as well as three Phoenician and Ionic ones that were not carried over: digamma, koppa, and sampi. The position of those characters within the numbering system imply that the first two were still in use (or at least remembered as letters) while the third was not. The exact dating, particularly for sampi, is problematic since its uncommon value means the first attested representative near Miletus does not appear until the 2nd century BC〔The Packard Humanities Institute (Cornell & Ohio State Universities). ''Searchable Greek Inscriptions'': "(Magnesia 4 )" (known as Syll³ 695.b ). Accessed 1 November 2013.〕 and its use is unattested in Athens until the 2nd century AD.〔The Packard Humanities Institute (Cornell & Ohio State Universities). ''Searchable Greek Inscriptions'': "(IG II² 2776 )". Accessed 1 November 2013.〕 (In general, Athens resisted the use of the new numerals for the longest of any of the Greek states but had fully adopted them by AD .〔)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Greek numerals」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
